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IVF

IVF

Specific steps of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle carry risks,including:

• Multiple births.IVF increases the risk of multiple births if more than oneembryo is implanted in your uterus. A pregnancy with multiple fetusescarries a higher risk of early labor and low birth weight than pregnancy witha single fetus does.
• Premature delivery and lowbirth weight.Research suggests thatthe use of IVF slightly increases the risk that a baby will be born earlyor with low birth weight.
• Ovarian hyperstimulationsyndrome.Use of injectable fertility drugs,such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), to induce ovulation can causeovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, in which your ovaries become swollenand painful. Signs and symptoms typically last a week and include mild abdominal pain, bloating, nausea,vomiting, and diarrhea. If you become pregnant, however, your symptomsmight last several weeks. Rarely, it’s possible to develop a more severeform of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome that can also cause rapid weightgain and shortness of breath.
• Miscarriage.The rate of miscarriage for women who conceiveusing IVF with fresh embryos is similar to that of women who conceivenaturally — about 15 to 25 percent — but the rate increases with maternalage. Use of frozen embryos during IVF, however, may slightly increase therisk of miscarriage.
• Egg-retrieval procedurecomplications.Use of an aspiratingneedle to collect eggs could possibly cause bleeding, infection or damageto the bowel, bladder or a blood vessel. Risks are also associated withgeneral anesthesia is used.
• Ectopic pregnancy.About 2 to 5 percent of women who use IVF willhave an ectopic pregnancy — when the fertilized egg implants outside theuterus, usually in a fallopian tube. The fertilized egg can’t surviveoutside the uterus, and there’s no way to continue the pregnancy.
• Birth defects.The age of the mother is the primary risk factorin the development of birth defects, no matter how the child is conceived.More research is needed to determine whether babies conceived using IVFmight be at increased risk of certain birth defects. Some experts believethat the use of IVF does not increase the risk of having a baby with birthdefects.
• Ovarian cancer.Although some early studies suggested there maybe a link between certain medications used to stimulate egg growth and thedevelopment of a specific type of ovarian tumor, more recent studies donot support these findings.
• Stress.Use of IVF can be financial, physically andemotionally draining. Support from counselors, family, and friends canhelp you and your partner through the ups and downs of infertilitytreatment.

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