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IVF

IVF

Why it’s done

Sometimes,IVFisoffered as a primary treatmentfor infertility in women over age 40. IVF can also be done if you have certainhealth conditions. For example, IVF may be an option if you or your partnerhas:

• Fallopian tube damage or blockage.Fallopian tube damage or blockagemakes it difficult for an egg to be fertilized or for an embryo to travelto the uterus.
• Ovulation disorders.If ovulation is infrequent orabsent, fewer eggs are available for fertilization.
• Premature ovarian failure.Premature ovarian failure is the loss ofnormal ovarian function before age 40. If your ovaries fail, they don’tproduce normal amounts of the hormone estrogen or have eggs to release regularly.
• Endometriosis.Endometriosis occurs when the uterine tissueimplants and grows outside of the uterus — often affecting the function ofthe ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Uterine fibroids.Fibroids are benign tumors in the wall of theuterus and are common in women in their 30s and 40s. Fibroids caninterfere with implantation of the fertilized egg.
• Previous tubal sterilization or removal.If you’ve had a tubal ligation — a type ofsterilization in which your fallopian tubes are cut or blocked topermanently prevent pregnancy — and want to conceive, IVF may be analternative to tubal ligation reversal.
• Impaired sperm production or function.Below-average sperm concentration, weakmovement of sperm (poor mobility), or abnormalities in sperm size andshape can make it difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg. If semenabnormalities are found, your partner might need to see a specialistdetermine if there are correctable problems or underlying health concerns.
• Unexplained infertility.Unexplained infertility means no cause ofinfertility has been found despite evaluation for common causes.
• A genetic disorder.If you or your partner is at risk of passingon a genetic disorder to your child, you may be candidates forpreimplantation genetic diagnosis — a procedure that involves IVF. Afterthe eggs are harvested and fertilized, they’re screened for certaingenetic problems, although not all genetic problems can be found. Embryosthat don’t contain identified problems can be transferred to the uterus.
• Fertilitypreservation for cancer or other healthconditions.If you’re about to start cancer treatment —such as radiation or chemotherapy — that could harm your fertility, IVFfor fertility preservation may be an option. Women can haveeggsharvested from their ovaries and frozen in an unfertilized state for lateruse. Or the eggs can be fertilized and frozen as embryos for future use.Women who don’t have a functional uterus or for whom pregnancy poses aserious health risk might choose IVF using another person to carry thepregnancy (gestational carrier). In this case, the woman’s eggs arefertilized with sperm, but the resulting embryos are placed in thegestational carrier’s uterus.

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